Table a16 properties of the atmosphere at high altitude table a17 idealgas properties of air table a18 idealgas properties of nitrogen, n 2 table a19 idealgas properties of oxygen, o 2 table a20 idealgas properties of carbon dioxide, co 2 table a21 idealgas properties of carbon monoxide, co table a22 idealgas. The production and use of cfcs is restricted by the montreal protocols. Physical properties of refrigerants molecular weight, boiling, freezing and critical points engineering toolbox resources, tools and basic information for engineering and design of technical applications. Technical information 645 kb solstice zd handling guide. Refrigerant tables and charts download ebook pdf, epub. Refrigerant 12 dichlorodifluoromethane properties of saturated liquid and saturated vapor. Sep 17, 2014 color codes of refrigerants easy recognize gas cylinder different refrigerant has different color coding few examples are given below. The forane refrigerants tool belt app is an essential aid for busy refrigeration and ac professionals working in the hvacr field. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning derya ozkan, ozden agra and ozlem cetin university of yildiz technical university, turkey corresponding email.
Hydrocarbon refrigerants are natural replacements for cfc, hfc and hcfc refrigerant gases, and are. Volumetric and thermodynamic properties for pure refrigerants. Some of the most common refrigerants are presented, as well as the special phenomena occurring with the use of zeotropic refrigerant mixtures. Characteristics of some new generation refrigerants with. Ebook refrigerant tables and charts as pdf download. Usually, a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle that can extract heat from another body or substance. Refrigerant tables and charts start download portable document format pdf and ebooks. Desirable properties and commonly used refrigerants. In the last two centuries, human ingenuity made it. These physical properties of refrigerants help us select the proper refrigerant for the application as per our requirement.
Highly accurate properties on the most common refrigerants are required to optimize the design of commercial equipment. This information is based on values calculated using the nist refprop database mclinden, m. Apr 12, 2020 refrigerants are widely used in refrigeration cycle where cooling effect below the atmospheric temperatures are needed. This section presents data for the thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants, arranged for the occasional users. It calculates the thermodynamic substance data and transport properties of all solkane refrigerants and some cfcs. The process is not easy, and although there are alternatives to old refrigerants, the new ones are usually not flawless. Ashrae position document on refrigerants and their. Volumetric and thermodynamic properties for pure refrigerants and refrigerant. The thermodynamic properties are interrelated and mainly depend on normal boiling point, critical temperature, molecular weight and structure. The current refrigerants available at this time are.
Properties of refrigerants n low boiling point and high latent heat of vaporization n dense vapor n low toxicity n. New refrigerants to replace cfcs comprise an active area of development. Whenever we choose them for particular use properties of refrigerants also plays a vital role in economic and environmental friendly application. With this in mind, the working group has taken as its starting point the results of annex 18 thermophysical properties of the environmentally acceptable refrigerants of the heat pump programme of the international energy agency mclinden and watanabe. Refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. Properties of refrigerants n low boiling point and high latent heat of vaporization n dense vapor n low toxicity n non flammable n low miscibility with oil. Solstice range of refrigerants solstice refrigerants. Refrigerants are classified by ashrae, and their familiar r numbers are assigned according to certain rules. Air conditioning and refrigeration rex miller, mark r. Following the discovery that some of these chemical compounds may be harmful to the environment, they are being replaced with more environmentally friendly alternatives see figure 5. Refrigerants are divided into groups according to their chemical composition. R407c refrigerant has been formulated as a good match to the existing hcfc refrigerant r22 for use in air conditioning, chilling and refrigeration applications and was the first of the r22 alternatives to be used on a commercial scale. All solkane hfc refrigerants achieve the highest safety class in all globally accepted standards for refrigerant and refrigeration safety. Simulate your system with the right refrigerant and export the results to excel.
The refrigerants have a thermodynamic property charge. Forane refrigerants tool belt for ios free download and. Effects of refrigerant properties on refrigerant performance citeseerx. We provide packages from laboratory samples to 15tonne bulk deliveries. This article describes thermodynamic properties of the refrigerants the ideal refrigerant. As more and better data on the new refrigerants have become available, we have continually updated the program to implement the most accurate pure fluid and mixture models available.
Refrigerants refrigeration systems and applications. Volumetric and thermodynamic properties for pure refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures from cubic equations of state. The object of this booklet is to present the various properties of refrigerants in a most concise,compact,to the point and lucid manner. Refrigerants refrigeration systems and applications wiley. The facts on hydrocarbon refrigerants hydrocarbons are natural, non toxic, non ozone depleting replacements for cfc refrigerants, importation and production of which were banned from december 31st 1995. It contains modules for the calculation of a total of 7 different ones and twostep cycle processes and for dimensioning of a refrigerant s pipe lines. Color codes of refrigerants easy recognize gas cylinder different refrigerant has different color coding few examples are given below. Annex 18 reports the comprehensive evaluations of the available equations of state and recommended formulations for r123, r4a, r32. All of the r407series refrigerants are based on blends of the three hfc refrigerants r32, r125 and r4a. R290 is the name for refrigerant grade high purity odorless propane. A familiarity with these diagrams will make this chapter easier.
Here are some of the desirable properties of refrigerant explained in detail. Fellow ashrae mcquay international staunton, virginia usa 1 what is a refrigerant. A impact of refrigerant property uncertainties on prediction. The replacement of materials with noxious properties such as ammonia toxic and ethylene flammable with nontoxic, nonflammable cfcs has been arrested by the environmental harm which the latter cause. The thermochemical and physical properties of each refrigerant were used to. Tables of the thermodynamic properties of dupont freon. Two or more refrigerants to achieve required properties. Ebook refrigerant tables and charts as pdf download portable. Thermodynamic properties of duponttm freonr 22 refrigerant author. Although very care has been taken to check mistake and misprints in the colossal figure work,yet it is. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning.
Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. For example, the classification of halogen refrigerants derived from saturated hydrocarbons and consisting of only one substance is illustrated in fig. After studying this unit, you should be able to learn the different classifications of refrigerants, naming convention for refrigerants, properties of. It can be used in a wide range of programming environments. Related commercial resources chapter 30 thermophysical properties of refrigerants t his chapter presents data for thermodynamic and. Jun 02, 2019 a refrigerant is a substance or mixture. Keeping this in mind, this paper aims to formulate different thermodynamic properties of refrigerant r4a using four basic equations, namely liquid density, vapour. Desirable properties of refrigerants chemical engineering site. Duponttm refrigerants, technical information keywords. After studying this unit, you should be able to learn the different classifications of refrigerants, naming convention for refrigerants, properties of individual refrigerants, and. Properties of matter 51 pressure 52 pressure indicating devices 52. The present tables and charts of important properties of refrigerants and also psychrometrics have been compiled for the use of students of mechanical engineering specializing in refrigeration and air conditioning. Applications solstice n r 450a is an excellent medium pressure, low gwp. It contains modules for the calculation of a total of 7 different ones and twostep cycle processes and for dimensioning of a refrigerant s pipe.
Pdf thermodynamic properties of refrigerant r116 from cubic. Solkane refrigerants is a powerful calculation program for thermophysical properties. Ashrae position document on refrigerants and their responsible use 5 a broad range of fluids has been used as refrigerant over the past century, and the current usage is dominated by a range of fluorinated chemicals, such as hfcs, in addition to hydro. Download our technical brochures for detailed information about our refrigerants. Because of their safety properties, solkane refrigerants have the least restrictions with respect to installation sites and charge sizes. R22 light green r4a light sky blue r404a orange the name label of the gases are given on the cylinder. This chapter studies the properties of substances used as working fluids in compression cycles, and discusses the classification of refrigerants.
Greenhouse effect global warming clean air act caa alternative refrigerants. Solstice n r 450a is a zeotropic blend of r4a and hfo1234ze solstice ze designed to serve as an alternative to r4a, offering similar performance but with a lower global warming potential of only 547 a reduction of almost 60% of gwp. Natural refrigerants r717 ammonia r744 co 2 hydrocarbon refrigerants fluorocarbon refrigerants. Appendix a thermodynamic property tables saturation properties of ammonia ip units saturation properties of ammonia using software refprop nist where the equations and constants for ammonia originate from swatzenberg and baehr 1993, eine neue fundamentalgleichung fure ammoniak, dvktagungsbericht, vol. Compare performance of multiple refrigerants, learn the line sizing, and much more all for free. Genetron 4a technical brochure properties, uses, storage, and handling. Table a1 molar mass, gas constant, and criticalpoint properties table a2 idealgas specific heats of various common gases table a3 properties of common liquids, solids, and foods table a4 saturated watertemperature table table a5 saturated waterpressure table table a6 superheated water table a7 compressed liquid water table a8 saturated icewater vapor. It has long been used in a variety of airconditioning and refrigeration applications in a variety of markets.
In the last two centuries, human ingenuity made it possible to control fully. Thermophysical properties of refrigerants t his chapter presents data for thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants, arra nged for the occasional user. The refrigerants have a thermodynamic property chart on pressureenthalpy coordinates with an abbreviated set of tabular data for saturated liquid and vapor on the faci ng page. In terms of its properties, it should be considered a highclass refrigerant. Hydrocarbon hc refrigerants have been in use from the late 1800s, and in conjunction with ammonia, were the most widely used refrigerants prior to the introduction of chlorinated fluorocarbon refrigerants in the 1930s. Refrigerants physical properties engineering toolbox. Download the pt retrofit calculator applications for ios and android free app store marketing and advertising guidelines for developers march 2012 4 available on the available on the the app store badge must be used in both. Regulatory oversight on refrigerants such as cfc, hcfc, and other synthetic refrigerants, have refocused attention on ammonia to emerge as one of the widely used refrigerants that, when released to the atmosphere. This unit is intended to serve as an introductory guide to the study of refrigerants. Thermodynamic properties of duponttm freonr 22 refrigerant. An understanding of the pressuretemperature relationship of refrigerants as theypass through the refrigeration compression cycle also will help you as you study this chapter on refrigerant tables. Refrigerant tables and charts top results of your surfing refrigerant tables and charts start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader.
Boc offers a comprehensive range of natural refrigerants as well as traditional fluorocarbon refrigerants to the refrigeration and air conditioning industry. Comparison of environmental impacts and physical properties of refrigerants ko matsunaga executive summary even before the invention of refrigeration, people wanted to improve their life by using ice to provide cold drinks and preserve food. The refrigerant in any refrigerator or air conditioner flows continuously through the vapor compression cycle, absorbing the heat in the evaporator and releasing it in the condenser. Refrigerants are widely used in refrigeration cycle where cooling effect below the atmospheric temperatures are needed.
Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetime in years, semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potential over a 100year time horizon, occupational exposure limitpermissible exposure. Download the free software from honeywell genetron properties suite at. The journey toward compliance has caused the hvac equipment and appliance industries to revisit the potential use of substances that have good environmental and thermodynamic properties as refrigerants, but which are also, unfortunately, flammable. The flood of the airconditioner, that is, the refrigerants, their properties, merits and demerits are summarized. Refrigerants and their application presented by thomas e.
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